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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 2015  |  Volume : 7  |  Issue : 1  |  Page : 11-17

Risk assessment for yellow fever in western and North-Western provinces of Zambia

Olusegun A Babaniyi1, Peter Mwaba2, David Mulenga3, Mwaka Monze4, Peter Songolo5, Mazyanga L Mazaba-Liwewe6, Idah Mweene-Ndumba6, Freddie Masaninga7, Elizabeth Chizema8, Messeret Eshetu-Shibeshi9, Costantine Malama8, Emmanuel Rudatsikira10, Seter Siziya11
1 Zambia Country Office, World Health Organization, Lusaka, Zambia
2 Permanent Secretary Office, Ministry of Home Affairs, Lusaka, Zambia
3 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
5 Department of Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization, Lusaka, Zambia
6 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University Teaching Hospital; Department of Immunization Vaccines and Emergencies, World Health Organization, Lusaka, Zambia
7 Department of Malaria, World Health Organization, Lusaka, Zambia
8 Department of Public Health Surveillance and Research, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
9 Department of Inter-country Support Team, World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe
10 Deans Office, School of Health Professions, Andrews University, Michigan, USA
11 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola; Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Lusaka, Lusaka, Zambia

Correspondence Address:
Olusegun A Babaniyi
Zambia Country Office, World Health Organization, Lusaka
Zambia
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Source of Support: Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; World Health Organization, AFRO Region ., Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0974-777X.150884

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Background: North-Western and Western provinces of Zambia were reclassified as low-risk areas for yellow fever (YF). However, the current potential for YF transmission in these areas is unclear. Aims: To determine the current potential risk of YF infection. Setting and Design: A cross sectional study was conducted in North-Western and Western provinces of Zambia. Materials and Methods: Samples were tested for both YF virus-specific IgG and IgM antibodies by the ELISA and YF virus confirmation was done using Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. The samples were also tested for IgG and IgM antibodies against other flaviviruses. Results: Out of the 3625 respondents who participated in the survey, 46.7% were males and 9.4% were aged less than 5 years. Overall, 58.1% of the participants slept under an impregnated insecticide-treated net and 20.6% reported indoor residual spraying of insecticides. A total of 616 (17.0%) samples were presumptive YF positive. The prevalence for YF was 0.3% for long-term infection and 0.2% for recent YF infection. None of the YF confirmed cases had received YF vaccine. Prevalence rates for other flaviviruses were 149 (4.1%) for Dengue, 370 (10.2%) for West Nile and 217 (6.0%) for Zika. Conclusion: There is evidence of past and recent infection of YF in both provinces. Hence, they are at a low risk for YF infection. Yellow fever vaccination should be included in the EPI program in the two provinces and strengthen surveillance with laboratory confirmation.


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© 2008 Journal of Global Infectious Diseases | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
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